| 真空中的光速 |
\(c\) |
\(299\,792\,458\) (精确值) |
\(\text{m} \cdot \text{s}^{-1}\) |
SI定义值 |
| 普朗克常数 |
\(h\) |
\(6.626\,070\,15 \times 10^{-34}\) (精确值) |
\(\text{J} \cdot \text{s}\) |
SI定义值 |
| 基本电荷 |
\(e\) |
\(1.602\,176\,634 \times 10^{-19}\) (精确值) |
\(\text{C}\) |
SI定义值 |
| 万有引力常数 |
\(G\) |
\(6.674\,30(15) \times 10^{-11}\) |
\(\text{N} \cdot \text{m}^2 \cdot \text{kg}^{-2}\) |
基本常数 (实验测定) |
| 玻尔兹曼常数 |
\(k_B\) (或 \(k\)) |
\(1.380\,649 \times 10^{-23}\) (精确值) |
\(\text{J} \cdot \text{K}^{-1}\) |
SI定义值 |
| 阿伏伽德罗常数 |
\(N_A\) (或 \(L\)) |
\(6.022\,140\,76 \times 10^{23}\) (精确值) |
\(\text{mol}^{-1}\) |
SI定义值 |
| 精细结构常数 |
\(\alpha\) |
\(7.297\,352\,569\,3(11) \times 10^{-3}\) |
(无量纲) |
\(\displaystyle \alpha = \frac{e^2}{4\pi\epsilon_0\hbar c}\) |
| 里德伯常数 |
\(R_\infty\) |
\(10\,973\,731.568\,160(21)\) |
\(\text{m}^{-1}\) |
\(\displaystyle R_\infty = \frac{m_e e^4}{8 \epsilon_0^2 h^3 c}\) |
| 电子质量 |
\(m_e\) |
\(9.109\,383\,701\,5(28) \times 10^{-31}\) |
\(\text{kg}\) |
基本常数 (实验测定) |
| 质子质量 |
\(m_p\) |
\(1.672\,621\,923\,69(51) \times 10^{-27}\) |
\(\text{kg}\) |
基本常数 (实验测定) |
| 中子质量 |
\(m_n\) |
\(1.674\,927\,498\,04(95) \times 10^{-27}\) |
\(\text{kg}\) |
基本常数 (实验测定) |
| 真空电容率 (电常数) |
\(\epsilon_0\) |
\(8.854\,187\,812\,8(13) \times 10^{-12}\) |
\(\text{F} \cdot \text{m}^{-1}\) |
\(\displaystyle \epsilon_0 = \frac{1}{\mu_0 c^2}\) (基于实验测定的 \(\mu_0\) 和精确的 \(c\)) |
| 真空磁导率 (磁常数) |
\(\mu_0\) |
\(1.256\,637\,062\,12(19) \times 10^{-6}\) |
\(\text{N} \cdot \text{A}^{-2}\) (或 \(\text{H} \cdot \text{m}^{-1}\)) |
基本常数 (实验测定，曾为SI定义值 \(4\pi \times 10^{-7} \text{ H} \cdot \text{m}^{-1}\)) |
| 约化普朗克常数 (狄拉克常数) |
\(\hbar\) |
\(1.054\,571\,817... \times 10^{-34}\) (精确值) |
\(\text{J} \cdot \text{s}\) |
\(\displaystyle \hbar = \frac{h}{2\pi}\) |
| 玻尔磁子 |
\(\mu_B\) |
\(9.274\,010\,078\,3(28) \times 10^{-24}\) |
\(\text{J} \cdot \text{T}^{-1}\) |
\(\displaystyle \mu_B = \frac{e\hbar}{2m_e}\) |
| 核磁子 |
\(\mu_N\) |
\(5.050\,783\,746\,1(15) \times 10^{-27}\) |
\(\text{J} \cdot \text{T}^{-1}\) |
\(\displaystyle \mu_N = \frac{e\hbar}{2m_p}\) |
| 电子磁矩 |
\(\mu_e\) |
\(-9.284\,764\,704\,3(28) \times 10^{-24}\) |
\(\text{J} \cdot \text{T}^{-1}\) |
\(\displaystyle \mu_e \approx -\frac{g_e \mu_B}{2}\) (与电子g因子相关) |
| 质子磁矩 |
\(\mu_p\) |
\(1.410\,606\,797\,36(60) \times 10^{-26}\) |
\(\text{J} \cdot \text{T}^{-1}\) |
\(\displaystyle \mu_p \approx \frac{g_p \mu_N}{2}\) (与质子g因子相关) |
| 中子磁矩 |
\(\mu_n\) |
\(-9.662\,365\,1(23) \times 10^{-27}\) |
\(\text{J} \cdot \text{T}^{-1}\) |
实验测定值 |
| 约瑟夫森常数 |
\(K_J\) |
\(483\,597.848\,4... \times 10^9\) (精确值) |
\(\text{Hz} \cdot \text{V}^{-1}\) |
\(\displaystyle K_J = \frac{2e}{h}\) |
| 冯·克利青常数 |
\(R_K\) |
\(25\,812.807\,45...\) (精确值) |
\(\Omega\) |
\(\displaystyle R_K = \frac{h}{e^2}\) |
| 磁通量子 |
\(\Phi_0\) |
\(2.067\,833\,848... \times 10^{-15}\) (精确值) |
\(\text{Wb}\) |
\(\displaystyle \Phi_0 = \frac{h}{2e}\) |
| 电导量子 |
\(G_0\) |
\(7.748\,091\,729... \times 10^{-5}\) (精确值) |
\(\text{S}\) |
\(\displaystyle G_0 = \frac{2e^2}{h}\) |
| 真空特性阻抗 |
\(Z_0\) |
\(376.730\,313\,668(57)\) |
\(\Omega\) |
\(\displaystyle Z_0 = \sqrt{\frac{\mu_0}{\epsilon_0}} = \mu_0 c\) |
| 玻尔半径 |
\(a_0\) |
\(0.529\,177\,210\,544(82) \times 10^{-10}\) |
\(\text{m}\) |
\(\displaystyle a_0 = \frac{4\pi\epsilon_0\hbar^2}{m_e e^2} = \frac{\hbar}{m_e c \alpha}\) |
| 电子康普顿波长 |
\(\lambda_C\) |
\(2.426\,310\,235\,9(12) \times 10^{-12}\) |
\(\text{m}\) |
\(\displaystyle \lambda_C = \frac{h}{m_e c}\) |
| 质子康普顿波长 |
\(\lambda_{C,p}\) |
\(1.321\,409\,855\,39(40) \times 10^{-15}\) |
\(\text{m}\) |
\(\displaystyle \lambda_{C,p} = \frac{h}{m_p c}\) |
| 经典电子半径 |
\(r_e\) |
\(2.817\,940\,323\,0(13) \times 10^{-15}\) |
\(\text{m}\) |
\(\displaystyle r_e = \frac{e^2}{4\pi\epsilon_0 m_e c^2}\) |
| 汤姆逊散射截面 |
\(\sigma_e\) |
\(0.665\,245\,870\,51(62) \times 10^{-28}\) |
\(\text{m}^2\) |
\(\displaystyle \sigma_e = \frac{8\pi}{3}r_e^2\) |
| 统一原子质量单位 |
\(\text{u}\) (或 \(\text{amu}\)) |
\(1.660\,539\,068\,92(52) \times 10^{-27}\) |
\(\text{kg}\) |
\(1 \text{ u} = \frac{1}{N_A} \text{ g}\) (基于 \(^{12}\text{C}\) 定义，或实验测定) |
| 电子的g因子 |
\(g_e\) |
\(-2.002\,319\,304\,362\,56(35)\) |
(无量纲) |
实验测定值 (QED 理论可计算) |
| 质子的g因子 |
\(g_p\) |
\(5.585\,694\,689\,6(88)\) |
(无量纲) |
实验测定值 |
| 摩尔气体常数 |
\(R\) |
\(8.314\,462\,618\,153\,24\) (精确值) |
\(\text{J} \cdot \text{mol}^{-1} \cdot \text{K}^{-1}\) |
\(\displaystyle R = N_A k_B\) |
| 斯忒藩-玻尔兹曼常数 |
\(\sigma\) |
\(5.670\,374\,419... \times 10^{-8}\) (精确值) |
\(\text{W} \cdot \text{m}^{-2} \cdot \text{K}^{-4}\) |
\(\displaystyle \sigma = \frac{\pi^2 k_B^4}{60 \hbar^3 c^2}\) |
| 第一辐射常数 |
\(c_1\) |
\(3.741\,771\,852... \times 10^{-16}\) (精确值) |
\(\text{W} \cdot \text{m}^2\) |
\(\displaystyle c_1 = 2\pi h c^2\) |
| 第二辐射常数 |
\(c_2\) |
\(1.438\,776\,877... \times 10^{-2}\) (精确值) |
\(\text{m} \cdot \text{K}\) |
\(\displaystyle c_2 = \frac{hc}{k_B}\) |
| 维恩位移定律常数 |
\(b\) (或 \(w\)) |
\(2.897\,771\,955... \times 10^{-3}\) (精确值) |
\(\text{m} \cdot \text{K}\) |
\(\displaystyle b = \frac{c_2}{\lambda_{\text{max}}T/ (\text{hc}/k_B)} \approx \frac{hc}{4.965114 k_B}\) (数值解相关) |
| 法拉第常数 |
\(F\) |
\(96\,485.332\,12...\) (精确值) |
\(\text{C} \cdot \text{mol}^{-1}\) |
\(\displaystyle F = N_A e\) |
| 标准重力加速度 |
\(g_n\) (或 \(g_0\)) |
\(9.806\,65\) (精确值，按定义) |
\(\text{m} \cdot \text{s}^{-2}\) |
地球表面约定标准值 |